Schläfli symbol ✡️

Generating polygons with Schläfli symbol {p/q}.

The Schläfli symbol is a recursive description, starting with {p} for a p-sided regular polygon that is convex. For example, {3} is an equilateral triangle, {4} is a square, {5} a convex regular pentagon, etc.

Regular star polygons are not convex, and their Schläfli symbols {p/q} contain irreducible fractions p/q, where p is the number of vertices, and q is their turning number. Equivalently, {p/q} is created from the vertices of {p}, connected every q. For example, {5⁄2} is a pentagram; {5⁄1} is a pentagon.

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/schl%c3%a4fli_symbol

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const Schlafli_P = 5; //min=3 max=60 step=1
const Schlafli_Q = 2; //min=1 max=30 step=1
const radius = 54; //min=1 max=100 step=1

// You can find the Turtle API reference here: https://turtletoy.net/syntax
Canvas.setpenopacity(1);

// Global code will be evaluated once.
const turtle = new Turtle();
const text = new Text();

const collection = getSchlafiCollection(Schlafli_P, Schlafli_Q, radius);

let width = 0;
for(let i = -1; i < 1; i++) {
    turtle.jump(0 - width, 93 + i * 300);
    if(Schlafli_P <= 2 * Schlafli_Q) {
        text.print(turtle, 'Schlafli_P should be larger than 2 * Schlafli_Q', .2);
    } else if(Schlafli_Q == 1) {
        text.print(turtle, '- Convex polygon {' + Schlafli_P + '} -', .2);
    } else {
        text.print(turtle, '- Star polygon {' + Schlafli_P + '/' + Schlafli_Q + '} -', .2);
    }
    width = turtle.pos()[0] / 2;
}

// The walk function will be called until it returns false.
function walk(i) {
    if(Schlafli_P <= 2 * Schlafli_Q) return false;
    
    collection[i].forEach((e, i, a) => {
        turtle.jump(e);
        turtle.goto(a[(i+1)%a.length]);
    });
    return i < collection.length - 1;
}

function getSchlafiCollection(Schlafli_P, Schlafli_Q, radius) {
    const points = Array.from({length: Schlafli_P}).map((e, i, a, f=i*2*Math.PI/a.length) => [radius * Math.sin(f),radius * -Math.cos(f)]);
    
    const cycle = [];
    for(let i = 0; !cycle.includes((i * Schlafli_Q) % Schlafli_P); i++) {
        cycle.push((i * Schlafli_Q) % Schlafli_P);
    }
    const collection = [];
    for(let i = 0; i < points.length / cycle.length; i++) {
        const rot = rot2(i * 2 * Math.PI / Schlafli_P);
        collection.push(cycle.map((e, i) => trans2(rot, points[cycle[i] % points.length])));
    }
    return collection;
}

function rot2(a) { return [Math.cos(a), -Math.sin(a), Math.sin(a), Math.cos(a)]; }
function trans2(m, a) { return [m[0]*a[0]+m[2]*a[1], m[1]*a[0]+m[3]*a[1]]; } //Matrix(2x1) x Matrix(2x2)

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Text utility code. Created by Reinder Nijhoff 2019
// https://turtletoy.net/turtle/1713ddbe99
// Jurgen 2021: Fixed Text.print() to restore turtle._fullCircle
//.             if was in e.g. degrees mode (or any other)
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
function Text() {class Text {print (t, str, scale = 1, italic = 0, kerning = 1) {let fc = t._fullCircle;t.radians();let pos = [t.x(), t.y()], h = t.h(), o = pos;str.split('').map(c => {const i = c.charCodeAt(0) - 32;if (i < 0 ) {pos = o = this.rotAdd([0, 48*scale], o, h);} else if (i > 96 ) {pos = this.rotAdd([16*scale, 0], o, h);} else {const d = dat[i], lt = d[0]*scale, rt = d[1]*scale, paths = d[2];paths.map( p => {t.up();p.map( s=> {t.goto(this.rotAdd([(s[0]-s[1]*italic)*scale - lt, s[1]*scale], pos, h));t.down();});});pos = this.rotAdd([(rt - lt)*kerning, 0], pos, h);}});t._fullCircle = fc;}rotAdd (a, b, h) {return [Math.cos(h)*a[0] - Math.sin(h)*a[1] + b[0], Math.cos(h)*a[1] + Math.sin(h)*a[0] + b[1]];}}const dat = ('br>eoj^jl<jqirjskrjq>brf^fe<n^ne>`ukZdz<qZjz<dgrg<cmqm>`thZhw<lZlw<qao_l^h^e_caccdeefggmiojpkqmqporlshsercp>^vs^as<f^h`hbgdeeceacaab_d^f^h_k`n`q_s^<olmmlolqnspsrrspsnqlol>]wtgtfsereqfphnmlpjrhsdsbraq`o`makbjifjekckaj_h^f_eaecffhimporqssstrtq>eoj`i_j^k_kajcid>cqnZl\\j_hcghglhqjulxnz>cqfZh\\j_lcmhmllqjuhxfz>brjdjp<egom<ogem>]wjajs<ajsj>fnkojpiojnkokqis>]wajsj>fnjniojpkojn>_usZaz>`ti^f_dbcgcjdofrisksnrpoqjqgpbn_k^i^>`tfbhak^ks>`tdcdbe`f_h^l^n_o`pbpdofmicsqs>`te^p^jfmfogphqkqmppnrkshserdqco>`tm^clrl<m^ms>`to^e^dgefhekenfphqkqmppnrkshserdqco>`tpao_l^j^g_ebdgdlepgrjsksnrppqmqlpingkfjfggeidl>`tq^gs<c^q^>`th^e_dadceegfkgnhpjqlqopqorlshserdqcocldjfhigmfoepcpao_l^h^>`tpeohmjjkikfjdhcecddaf_i^j^m_oapepjoomrjshserdp>fnjgihjikhjg<jniojpkojn>fnjgihjikhjg<kojpiojnkokqis>^vrabjrs>]wagsg<amsm>^vbarjbs>asdcdbe`f_h^l^n_o`pbpdofngjijl<jqirjskrjq>]xofndlcicgdfeehekfmhnknmmnk<icgefhfkgmhn<ocnknmpnrntluiugtdsbq`o_l^i^f_d`bbad`g`jambodqfrislsorqqrp<pcokompn>asj^bs<j^rs<elol>_tc^cs<c^l^o_p`qbqdpfoglh<chlhoipjqlqopqorlscs>`urcqao_m^i^g_eadccfckdnepgrismsorqprn>_tc^cs<c^j^m_oapcqfqkpnopmrjscs>`sd^ds<d^q^<dhlh<dsqs>`rd^ds<d^q^<dhlh>`urcqao_m^i^g_eadccfckdnepgrismsorqprnrk<mkrk>_uc^cs<q^qs<chqh>fnj^js>brn^nnmqlrjshsfreqdndl>_tc^cs<q^cl<hgqs>`qd^ds<dsps>^vb^bs<b^js<r^js<r^rs>_uc^cs<c^qs<q^qs>_uh^f_daccbfbkcndpfrhslsnrppqnrkrfqcpan_l^h^>_tc^cs<c^l^o_p`qbqepgohlici>_uh^f_daccbfbkcndpfrhslsnrppqnrkrfqcpan_l^h^<koqu>_tc^cs<c^l^o_p`qbqdpfoglhch<jhqs>`tqao_l^h^e_caccdeefggmiojpkqmqporlshsercp>brj^js<c^q^>_uc^cmdpfrisksnrppqmq^>asb^js<r^js>^v`^es<j^es<j^os<t^os>`tc^qs<q^cs>asb^jhjs<r^jh>`tq^cs<c^q^<csqs>cqgZgz<hZhz<gZnZ<gznz>cqc^qv>cqlZlz<mZmz<fZmZ<fzmz>brj\\bj<j\\rj>asazsz>fnkcieigjhkgjfig>atpeps<phnfleiegfehdkdmepgrislsnrpp>`sd^ds<dhffhekemfohpkpmopmrkshsfrdp>asphnfleiegfehdkdmepgrislsnrpp>atp^ps<phnfleiegfehdkdmepgrislsnrpp>asdkpkpiognfleiegfehdkdmepgrislsnrpp>eqo^m^k_jbjs<gene>atpepuoxnylzizgy<phnfleiegfehdkdmepgrislsnrpp>ate^es<eihfjemeofpips>fni^j_k^j]i^<jejs>eoj^k_l^k]j^<kekvjyhzfz>are^es<oeeo<ikps>fnj^js>[y_e_s<_ibfdegeifjijs<jimfoeretfuius>ateees<eihfjemeofpips>atiegfehdkdmepgrislsnrppqmqkphnfleie>`sdedz<dhffhekemfohpkpmopmrkshsfrdp>atpepz<phnfleiegfehdkdmepgrislsnrpp>cpgegs<gkhhjfleoe>bsphofleieffehfjhkmlompopporlsisfrep>eqj^jokrmsos<gene>ateeeofrhsksmrpo<peps>brdejs<pejs>_ubefs<jefs<jens<rens>bseeps<pees>brdejs<pejshwfydzcz>bspees<eepe<esps>cqlZj[i\\h^h`ibjckekgii<j[i]i_jakbldlfkhgjkllnlpkrjsiuiwjy<ikkmkojqirhthvixjylz>fnjZjz>cqhZj[k\\l^l`kbjcieigki<j[k]k_jaibhdhfihmjilhnhpirjskukwjy<kkimiojqkrltlvkxjyhz>^vamakbhdgfghhlknlplrksi<akbidhfhhillnmpmrlsisg>brb^bscsc^d^dsese^f^fsgsg^h^hsisi^j^jsksk^l^lsmsm^n^nsoso^p^psqsq^r^rs').split('>').map(r=> { return [r.charCodeAt(0)-106,r.charCodeAt(1)-106, r.substr(2).split('<').map(a => {const ret = []; for (let i=0; i<a.length; i+=2) {ret.push(a.substr(i, 2).split('').map(b => b.charCodeAt(0)-106));} return ret; })]; });return new Text();}